Effects of tenectomy of the medial head of the deep digital flexor on the hindlimbs of healthy horses / Efeitos da tenectomia da cabeça medial do tendão flexor digital profundo nos membros posterior de cavalos saudáveis

The tenectomy of the medial head of the deep digital flexor (TMHDDF) is a minimally studied surgery used in cases of dorsal subluxation of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the hindlimb in horses. The TMHDDF was evaluated in six healthy horses by the degree of lameness, perimeter of the surgical site, the angle of the distal articular joints, and the linear and angular measures of the hoof. Thus, TMHDDF of the right hindlimb was performed and the contralateral limb was used as a control. Both, right and left limbs were evaluated before surgery, as well as at 15, 30, and 60 days after surgery aiming to evaluate the effects of the surgical procedure in healthy limbs. Data were compared by analysis of variance regarding days and limbs. Values below the significant level (P< 0.05) were analyzed using the Tukey's test. TMHDDF caused a mild increase of the toe length and the height of lateral heel (0.2cm in both), as well as a decrease of the angle of the proximal interphalangeal joint (2°) when comparing the left hindlimb to the right hindlimb, 30 and 60 days after surgery. Overall, TMHDDF did not cause significant changes in the evaluated variables up to the 60 days of surgery.(AU)

A tenectomia da cabeça medial do flexor digital profundo (TCMFDP) é uma técnica cirúrgica pouco estudada, indicada para equinos com subluxação dorsal da articulação interfalângica proximal do membro pélvico. A TCMFDP foi avaliada em seis equinos hígidos no grau de claudicação; na perimetria da área operada; nos ângulos articulares distais; e nas medidas lineares e angulares de parâmetros dos cascos. Nesse sentido, foi realizada a TCMFDP do membro pélvico direito, permanecendo o esquerdo como controle. Ambos os membros foram avaliados nos momentos pré-operatório (0) e 15, 30 e 60 dias após a cirurgia, sendo objetivo avaliar os efeitos do procedimento cirúrgico em membros hígidos. Para comparação dos dados entre momentos e membros, foi realizada análise de variância. Os valores inferiores ao de significância (P<0,050) foram submetidos ao teste de Tukey. A TCMFDP provocou discreto aumento (0,2cm, em ambos) do comprimento de pinça e da altura do talão lateral e redução no ângulo da articulação interfalângica proximal (2°) na comparação com o membro pélvico esquerdo aos 30 e 60 dias após a cirurgia no contralateral. Em geral, a TCMFDP não causou alterações influentes nos aspectos avaliados até 60 dias do experimento.(AU)

Avaliação do efeito trombogênico da perfusão regional intravenosa com gentamicina em equinos / Evaluation of intravenous regional perfusion thrombogenic effect with gentamicin in equine

A extremidade distal dos equinos é frequentemente afetada por processos sépticos de difícil tratamento. A perfusão regional intravenosa de antimicrobianos é uma opção de tratamento para esses processos, pois aumenta a concentração do fármaco no local mediante pequenas doses. Entretanto, apesar de ser muito utilizada recentemente, ainda apresenta várias questões. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as possíveis complicações da técnica, com o uso da gentamicina na dose de 2,2mg/kg na veia cefálica de equinos. Utilizaram-se 15 equinos hígidos divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos de cinco animais: grupo somente com torniquete (GT), grupo que recebeu 40mL de solução fisiológica (GSF) e grupo que recebeu gentamicina na dose de 2,2mg/kg, acrescida de solução fisiológica até completar o volume de 40mL (GSG). O membro perfundido foi avaliado por termografia e ultrassonografia duplex em cores ao longo do tempo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise pelos testes de Tukey e de Dunnett, e o nível de significância adotado foi de P<0,05. Todos os grupos apresentaram escore trombótico zero, e não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos quanto ao diâmetro médio da veia e da temperatura dos membros. A antibiose intravenosa regional com 2,2mg/kg de gentamicina, em dose única, não acarretou o desenvolvimento de trombose na veia cefálica...

The distal end of the horse is often affected by septic processes that are difficult to treat. The intravenous regional perfusion of antimicrobials is a treatment option for these processes, increasing the local concentration of the drug using small doses, and is currently widely used, but still presenting various issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible complications of the technique, using gentamicin at a dose of 2.2mg/kg in the cephalic vein of horses. Fifteen healthy horses were assigned to three groups of 5 animals. Group 1, tourniquet group (TG), group 2, tourniquet and 40mL of physiologic saline solution (SPG) and group 3, tourniquet and 2.2mg/kg gentamicin completed to 40mL by the addition of physiologic saline solution (ASG). The perfused limb was evaluated by thermography and ultrasound Duplex color over time. The data were analyzed by Tukey's and Dunnett's method, and the accepted significance level was P<0.05. All groups showed thrombotic score zero and there was no significant difference between groups in the average diameter of the vein and member temperatures. The intravenous regional antibiosis with 2.2mg/kg of gentamicin as a single dose did not affect the development of thrombosis in the cephalic vein...

Do thyroid ultrasonographic features change according to age in euthyroid dogs?

The thyroid gland was assessed by ultrasound in healthy euthyroid mixed-breed medium size dogs in different age groups. The objective was to verify ultrasonographic imaging patterns in these groups, as well as to identify possible changes in imaging features resulting from ageing. Thirty dogs - 10 young (<1 year), 10 adult and 10 elderly - without clinical signs or history of thyroid gland disease with complete blood count and thyroid function tests within the reference values were evaluated. Each thyroid lobe was examined by ultrasound for shape, size, echogenicity and echotexture. The analysis of echogenicity and echotexture was made by histogram. Thyroid volume was estimated by the equation for ellipsoid (length × width × height) π/6. The thyroid volume of the young dogs in this study had a tendency to be higher than in adult dogs (P = 0.068) and older dogs (P = 0.120). The height of the thyroid lobe in the longitudinal plane was significantly higher (P = 0.026) in young dogs compared with the other dogs. The echotexture and echogenicity had no significant differences between groups, but the echogenicity was greater in older dogs. The results point out that ultrasound imaging of the thyroid volume is influenced by age in euthyroid dogs.